Ketamine Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has been used in medicine since the 1960s and remains one of the most versatile and widely studied drugs in modern pharmacology. In 2026, ketamine is prescribed daily in hospitals and clinics across the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China, Canada, France, Netherlands, Switzerland, Australia, Dubai, Finland, […]
Ketamine hydrochloride, commonly appearing as a white crystalline solid or powder, is a dissociative anesthetic first synthesized in 1962 by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis. It was initially developed as a safer alternative to phencyclidine (PCP) for human and veterinary anesthesia, receiving FDA approval in 1970 under the brand name Ketalar. By 2026, ketamine remains one […]
Ketamine hydrochloride, commonly referred to as ketamine HCl, is a versatile pharmaceutical compound classified as a dissociative anesthetic. Chemically, it is (±)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride, with the molecular formula C₁₃H₁₆ClNO·HCl. This white crystalline powder is highly soluble in water and is typically administered as an injectable solution, though variants like nasal sprays exist for specific indications. Ketamine […]
Introduction Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic first developed in the 1960s. Initially used for surgical anesthesia, its unique pharmacology has led to expanded therapeutic applications including pain management, treatment-resistant depression, and sedation. In recent years, Ketamine clinics have emerged in the UK and Europe, offering controlled administration for mental health and chronic pain conditions. While […]