Introduction 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, widely known as MDMA or Ecstasy, is a synthetic psychoactive stimulant belonging to the phenethylamine class. Originally synthesized in 1912, MDMA gained recognition for its empathogenic effects, influencing mood, social connectivity, and cognitive function. In the UK and Europe, MDMA is primarily known as a recreational drug, but emerging clinical research explores therapeutic […]
Introduction Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic first developed in the 1960s. Initially used for surgical anesthesia, its unique pharmacology has led to expanded therapeutic applications including pain management, treatment-resistant depression, and sedation. In recent years, Ketamine clinics have emerged in the UK and Europe, offering controlled administration for mental health and chronic pain conditions. While […]